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@techreport{NBERw8596,
 title = "Technology in the Great Divergence",
 author = "Clark, Gregory and Feenstra, Robert",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "8596",
 year = "2001",
 month = "November",
 doi = {10.3386/w8596},
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w8596",
 abstract = {In this paper, we examine the changes in per-capita income and productivity from 1700 to modern times, and show four things: (1) that incomes per capita diverged more around the world after 1800 than before; (2) that the source of this divergence was increasing differences in the efficiency of economies; (3) that these differences in efficiency were not due to problems of poor countries in getting access to the new technologies of the Industrial Revolution; (4) that the pattern of trade from the late nineteenth century between the poor and the rich economies suggests that the problem of the poor economies was peculiarly a problem of employing labor effectively.  This continues to be true today.},
}