TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blau, David M
TI  - Child Care Subsidy Programs
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 7806
PY  - 2000
Y2  - July 2000
DO  - 10.3386/w7806
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w7806
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w7806.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
David Blau
Department of Economics
Ohio State University
445 Arps Hall
1945 N. High St.
Columbus, OH 43210-1172
E-Mail: blau.12@osu.edu
M1  - published as David Blau. "Child Care Subsidy Programs," in Robert A. Moffitt, editor, "Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States" University of Chicago Press (2003)

AB  - Child care and early education subsidies are an important part of government efforts to increase economic independence and improve development of children in low-income families in the United States. This chapter describes the main subsidy programs in the U.S., discusses economic issues that arise in designing such programs and evaluating their effects, and surveys evidence on the effects of the programs. An important theme of the chapter is the tradeoff between the policy goals of increasing economic independence and improving child outcomes. All child care and early education subsidies affect both work incentives and inputs to child development. But a subsidy designed specifically to achieve one of these policy goals will usually be relatively ineffective at accomplishing the other goal. The evidence indicates that child care subsidies that reduce the effective price to parents of all purchased child care, regardless of the type and location of care, cause the employment rate of mothers of young children to increase. The most reliable evidence suggests that the effect is fairly small, but the range of estimates in the literature is quite large. The three main difficulties encountered in research on this issue are finding appropriate control groups, accounting for the wide prevalence of unpaid child care arrangements, and identification of the effect of the price of child care. Evidence on the employment effects of subsidies restricted to high-quality child care arrangements is non-existent. There is very little evidence of the effect of child care subsidies on child development outcomes.
ER  -