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@techreport{NBERw6443,
 title = "The Effects of Price Changes on Alcohol Consumption in Alcohol-Experienced Rats",
 author = "Sarbaum, Jeffrey K and Polachek, Solomon W and Spear, Norman E",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "6443",
 year = "1998",
 month = "March",
 doi = {10.3386/w6443},
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w6443",
 abstract = {This paper reports results of two experiments designed to measure how addicted rats (i.e. laboratory rats with previous ethanol exposure via a variant of the Samson ethanol fading technique) respond to changes in the price of ethanol.  For both experiments, rats facing a budget constraint choose between two alternative non-ethanol commodities in a morning control session and between ethanol and a non-ethanol commodity in an afternoon session.  The results from both experiments shows that economic models of consumer choice are a useful tool to study ethanol and non-ethanol consumption in rats, and that a history of ethanol exposure did not interfere with rats' ability to behave according to economic theory.  In the first experiment, rats responded only moderately to a 100% price increase (especially when compared to the response for the non-ethanol commodity during the control session), but more dramatically for a 400% ethanol price increase.  However, going back to baseline prices after a prolonged duration of high ethanol prices yields some evidence that ethanol consumption declines below its original levels.  In the second experiment rats responded to increased ethanol prices but not to a cue signaling future price increases.  Thus, the experiments provide evidence supporting habit formation but not rational addiction as an explanation of ethanol consumption in rats.},
}