Upcoding: Evidence from Medicare on Squishy Risk Adjustment

Michael Geruso, Timothy Layton

NBER Working Paper No. 21222
Issued in May 2015, Revised in April 2018

---- Acknowledgments ----

We thank Colleen Carey, Joshua Gottlieb, and Amanda Kowalski for serving as discussants, as well as seminar participants at the 2014 Annual Health Economics Conference, the 2014 American Society of Health Economists Meeting, the BU/Harvard/MIT Health Economics Seminar, Boston University, Emory University, Harvard Medical School, the NBER Public Economics Meeting 2015, the University of Illinois at Chicago, RTI, the Southeastern Health Economics Study Group, and the University of Texas at Austin for useful comments. We also thank Chris Afendulis, Marika Cabral, Vilsa Curto, David Cutler, Francesco Decarolis, Liran Einav, Randy Ellis, Keith Ericson, Amy Finkelstein, Austin Frakt, Craig Garthwaite, Jonathan Gruber, Jonathan Kolstad, Tom McGuire, Hannah Neprash, Joe Newhouse, and Daria Pelech for assistance obtaining data and useful conversations. Layton gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Institute of Mental Health (T32-019733). Geruso gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and from grants 5 R24 HD042849 and 5 T32 HD007081 awarded to the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

return to bibliography page