TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Victoria
AU  - Powell, Walter W
TI  - Poisedness and Propagation: Organizational Emergence and the Transformation of Civic Order in 19th-Century New York City
JF  - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series
VL  - No. 21011
PY  - 2015
Y2  - March 2015
DO  - 10.3386/w21011
UR  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w21011
L1  - http://www.nber.org/papers/w21011.pdf
N1  - Author contact info:
Victoria Johnson
University of Michigan
E-Mail: vjohnsn@umich.edu

Walter Powell
Stanford University
E-Mail: woodyp@stanford.edu
M1  - published as Victoria Johnson, Walter W. Powell. "Organizational Poisedness and the Transformation of Civic Order in Nineteenth-Century New York City," in Naomi R. Lamoreaux and John Joseph Wallis, editors, "Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development" University of Chicago Press (2017)

M3  - presented at "Organizations, Civil Society, & the Roots of Dev,", October 24-25, 2014
AB  - The emergence of novelty, especially of new categories of people and organizations, is undertheorized in the social sciences. Some social worlds are more hospitable to novel introductions or exogenous perturbations than others. Explaining this relative "poisedness" is essential to understanding when and why new organizational forms appear, persist, and expand, both cognitively and geographically. We offer a comparative analysis of two cases of emergence in 19th-century New York City that examines the conditions under which a new organizational form - a research-intensive botanical garden - developed and took root. We show that social worlds are highly poised when environmental, intellectual, and civic factors have reinforcing consequences. Poisedness is amplified when the social character of the individuals produced by specific historical milieux attunes these innovators to the larger social and material processes that favor the creation of new modes of organization. Although our analysis of poisedness is fixed on a specific time and place, New York City over the course of the 19th century, our arguments about the emergence of new organizational forms apply readily to other settings and time periods.
ER  -