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@techreport{NBERw18132,
 title = "International Standards and International Trade: Empirical Evidence from ISO 9000 Diffusion",
 author = "Clougherty, Joseph A and Grajek, Michal",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "18132",
 year = "2012",
 month = "June",
 doi = {10.3386/w18132},
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w18132",
 abstract = {Empirical scholarship on the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to methodological challenges: measurement, varied effects, and endogeneity. Considering the trade-effects of one particular standard (ISO 9000), we surmount methodological challenges by measuring standardization via national penetration of ISO 9000, allowing standardization to manifest via multiple (quality-signaling, information/compliance-cost, and common-language) channels, and using instrumental variable, multilateral resistance and panel data techniques to overcome endogeneity. We find evidence of common-language and quality-signaling augmenting country-pair trade. Yet, ISO-rich nations (most notably European) benefit the most from standardization, while ISO-poor nations find ISO 9000 to represent a trade barrier due to compliance-cost effects.},
}