% WARNING: This file may contain UTF-8 (unicode) characters.
% While non-8-bit characters are officially unsupported in BibTeX, you
% can use them with the biber backend of biblatex
%    usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex}

@techreport{NBERw17076,
 title = "A Fistful of Dollars: Lobbying and the Financial Crisis",
 author = "Igan, Deniz and Mishra, Prachi and Tressel, Thierry",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "17076",
 year = "2011",
 month = "May",
 doi = {10.3386/w17076},
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w17076",
 abstract = {Has lobbying by financial institutions contributed to the financial crisis?  This paper uses detailed information on financial institutions' lobbying and mortgage lending activities to answer this question.  We find that lobbying was associated with more risk-taking during 2000-07 and with worse outcomes in 2008.  In particular, lenders lobbying more intensively on issues related to mortgage lending and securitization (i) originated mortgages with higher loan-to-income ratios, (ii) securitized a faster growing proportion of their loans, and (iii) had faster growing originations of mortgages.  Moreover, delinquency rates in 2008 were higher in areas where lobbying lenders' mortgage lending grew faster.  These lenders also experienced negative abnormal stock returns during the rescue of Bear Stearns and the collapse of Lehman Brothers, but positive abnormal returns when the bailout was announced. Finally, we find a higher bailout probability for lobbying lenders.  These findings suggest that lending by politically active lenders played a role in accumulation of risks and thus contributed to the financial crisis.},
}